Condition

Knee pain.

Knee pain covers a wide range of presentations — from runner's knee and patellar tendinopathy in active adults to osteoarthritis and ACL injuries. Most non-traumatic knee pain responds to a targeted loading programme; sudden injuries with swelling or instability need urgent assessment.

Common patterns

The knee pains we see most.

Runner's knee — pain around the kneecap, worse going downstairs or after long sitting. Patellar tendinopathy — pain at the bottom of the kneecap in jumpers and lifters. Meniscus and ligament injuries — usually traumatic, often with swelling and a sense of instability. Osteoarthritis — morning stiffness, ache with load, in adults over 45.

When to book urgently

Swelling, locking, giving way.

Sudden knee injury with rapid swelling, inability to bear weight, or a feeling that the knee gives way needs assessment within 48 hours. Ligament and meniscus injuries treated early have far better outcomes than those left for weeks.

Treatment

Load, don't rest.

Most knee pain — including moderate osteoarthritis — improves with a progressive loading programme that targets the quadriceps, gluteals, and calf. Manual therapy and taping help early symptoms; the durable results come from the loading. Surgery is a last resort for a small subset.

Prevention

What keeps knees healthy.

Regular resistance training, gradual increases in running or sport volume, and maintaining a healthy body weight are the three interventions with the strongest evidence for keeping knee pain away long-term.

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